Learn more about the diseases that affect plants, ranging from garden flowers to food crops.
| Navigator > NCBuy Home : Flowers : Articles : Anthracnose of Grape | |
|
All succulent parts of the plant, including fruit stems, leaves, petioles, tendrils, young shoots, and berries, can be attacked, but lesions on shoots and berries are ... Learn more about the diseases that affect plants, ranging from garden flowers to food crops. |
| ||
 |
 • Shop Home • Flower Care • Delivery Guarantee • Articles & Guides • Win a Dozen Roses
Specific Flower Types
|
|
Browse Articles: Plant Diseases
Anthracnose of Grape
Anthracnose of grape was first detected in the United States in the mid 1800s. The disease was probably introduced into this country by grape plant material imported from Europe. It quickly established in American vineyards and became a significant disease of grape in rainy, humid, and warm regions of the United States. The disease is not common in Ohio; however, it caused severe damage in a central Ohio vineyard on the cultivar 'Vidal' in 1993 and in a southern Ohio vineyard on the cultivars 'Vidal' and 'Reliance' in 1998. Anthracnose reduces the quality and quantity of fruit and weakens the vine. Once the disease is established in a vineyard, it can be very destructive.Submit your comments, tips, or suggestions you'd like to share with other users regarding this article. Reference: Ohio State University Extension
Symptoms
Leaf spots are often numerous and develop in a similar manner to those on shoots. Eventually, they become circular with gray centers and brown to black margins with round or angular edges. The necrotic center of the lesion often drops out, creating a shot-hole appearance (Figure 2). Young leaves are more susceptible to infection than older leaves. When veins are affected, especially on young leaves, the lesions prevent normal development, resulting in malformation or complete drying or burning of the leaf. Lesions may cover the entire leaf blade or appear mainly along the veins.
On berries, small, reddish circular spots initially develop. The spots then enlarge to an average diameter of 1/4 inch and may become slightly sunken. The centers of the spots turn whitish gray and are surrounded by narrow reddish-brown to black margins (Figure 3). This typical symptom on fruit often resembles a bird's eye, and the disease has been called bird's eye rot. Acervuli (fungal fruiting structures) eventually develop in the lesions. A pinkish mass of fungal spores (conidia) exudes from these structures during prolonged wet weather.
Causal Organism Another type of spore, called an ascospore, is produced within sexual fruiting bodies and may also form on infected canes and berries left on the ground or in the trellis from the previous year. The importance of ascospores in disease development is not clearly understood. Conidia are by far the most important source of primary inoculum in the spring. In early spring, when free moisture from rain or dew is present, conidia germinate and infect succulent tissue. Conidia germinate and infect at temperatures ranging from 36 to 90°F. The higher the temperature, the faster disease develops. Disease symptoms start to develop approximately 13 days after infection occurs at 36¦F and at four days after infection occurs at 90°F. Heavy rainfall and warm temperatures are ideal for disease development and spread. Lesions may extend into the pulp and cause the fruit to crack. Lesions on the rachis and pedicels appear similar to those on shoots. Clusters are susceptible to infection before flowering and until Véraison. Once the disease is established, asexual fruiting bodies called acervuli form on diseased areas. These acervuli produce conidia during periods of wet weather. These conidia are the secondary source of inoculum and are responsible for continued spread of the fungus and the disease throughout the growing season.
Disease Management 2. Eliminate wild grapes near the vineyard. The disease can infect wild grapes, and infected wild grapes have been observed near diseased vineyards in Ohio. Wild grapes provide an excellent place for the disease to develop and serve as a reservoir for the disease. It is probably impossible to eradicate wild grapes from the woods, but serious efforts should be made to at least remove them from the fence rows and as far away from the vineyard as possible. Remember, the spores are spread over relatively short distances by splashing rain and should not be able to move over long distances by wind into the vineyard. 3. Varieties differ in their susceptibility. In Ohio the disease has been observed on 'Vidal' and 'Reliance.' Vinifera and French Hybrid cultivars may be more susceptible than American grapes, such as 'Concord' and 'Niagara.' 4. Canopy management can aid in disease control. Any practice that opens the canopy to improve air circulation and reduce drying time of susceptible tissue is beneficial for disease control. These practices include selection of the proper training system, shoot positioning, and leaf removal. 5. Fungicide use. Where the disease is established, especially in a commercial vineyard, the use of fungicides is recommended. Fungicide recommendations for anthracnose control consist of a dormant application of Liquid Lime Sulfur in early spring, followed by applications of foliar fungicides during the growing season.
|
|
|
NCBuy Home |
About NCBuy |
Members Center |
Contacts |
Privacy |
Site Map |
Link 2 Us |
| Data Source: Ohio State University Extension. Articles and resource may contain pesticide recommendations that are subject to change at any time. These recommendations are provided only as a guide and it is always the pesticide applicator's responsibility, by law, to read and follow all current label directions for the specific pesticide being used. |
