Flowers and Garden Home Determining the cause of indoor plant problems can sometimes require skilled laboratory diagnosis or site consultations.  
Learn more about the diseases that affect plants, ranging from garden flowers to food crops.
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Browse Articles: Plant Diseases
Diagnosing Problems on Indoor Plants
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Reference: Ohio State University Extension

Living plants are being used in great numbers and variety in all types of indoor environments. Whereas most indoor environments are satisfactory for the maintenance of the health of plants for relatively long periods, problems do occasionally occur. Most of the problems are not due to infectious diseases, caused by fungi, bacteria, etc. The problems generally result from imbalances in the environment or from care practices that give rise to some sort of stress. Inability to recognize symptoms, determine the causes of stress, and promptly initiate corrective care techniques account for failure by many indoor gardeners to reach their plant health management goals.

Common Symptoms of Poor Plant Health
Determining the cause of indoor plant problems can sometimes require skilled laboratory diagnosis or site consultations. However, most problems are relatively simple to diagnose if one will remember that various stress producing elements of an environment often affect the plant simultaneously. Thus, there may be several environmental elements that are contributing to a particular stress symptom. Detecting all of the imbalanced elements of the environment is the key to proper diagnosis and initiation of corrective measures.

Many of the "symptoms" of problems on indoor plants are not specific. In other words, a certain symptom may be distinct and striking; but it may result from any number of imbalanced environmental elements. As you attempt to improve your diagnostic skills, do not be misled into thinking a distinct symptom should always have a distinct or specific cause. The following diagnostic checklist will illustrate this situation. Use it as a guide to begin your analysis and plan for corrections.

SymptomPossible Causes
Brown or scorched leaf tipsA) Poor root health from overwatering, excessive soil dryness (especially between waterings), excessive fertilizer or other soluble salts in the soil.
B) Specific nutrient toxicities (such as fluoride, copper, or boron).
C) Low humidity.
D) Pesticide or mechanical injury.
Leaf spots, blotches, blemishes, blisters, or scabby spotsA) Intense light (sunburn) associated with a recent move of the plant or excessive soil dryness and wilting.
B) Chilling injury (below 50 degrees F).
C) Chemical spray injury.
D) Overwatering.
E) Fungal or bacterial infections (rare unless plants have recently come from a field or greenhouse)
Foliage yellow-green; older leavesA) Insufficient fertilizer, especially nitrogen.
B) Poor root health due to pot-bound growth, compacted soil, or poor drainage.
C) Insufficient light
Foliage yellow-green; newer leavesA) Soil pH (acidity) imbalance.
B) Minor nutrient imbalance.
Foliage yellow-green; generalA) Too much light.
B) Insufficient fertilization.
C) High temperatures, especially when associated with dryness.
D) Insect infestation or root rot disease.
Leaf dropA) Poor root health from overwatering, excessive dryness, excessive fertilizer or other soluble salts in the soil, compacted soil or potbound roots.
B) Sudden change in light, temperature, or relative humidity.
C) Root rot disease.
Wilting or drooping of foliageA) Poor root health from overwatering, excessive dryness, excessive fertilizer or other soluble salts in the soil, compacted soil, or a poorly drained container.
B) A toxic chemical poured into soil.
Roots brown in color, soft or rotted; roots with tissue that can easily be "slipped off" leaving behind the stringlike center tissues; roots massed at top or bottom of pot. Associated with one or more of the symptoms noted above.A) Poor root health from overwatering, excessive dryness, excessive fertilizer or other soluble salts in the soil, compacted soil, or a poorly drained container.
B) A toxic chemical poured into soil.
C) Over-or underwatering.
Yellowed leaves with tiny speckling; leaves later bronzed and drying; webbing noted near growing points.A) Spider-mite infestation.
Leaves covered with a sticky substance; dark mold growing on leaves; tiny brown or white objects seen on leaves or in crotches of branches; leaf drop or branch dieback; leaf or growing point distortion.A) Scale or mealy bug infestation.

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  Data Source: Ohio State University Extension. Articles and resource may contain pesticide recommendations that are subject to change at any time. These recommendations are provided only as a guide and it is always the pesticide applicator's responsibility, by law, to read and follow all current label directions for the specific pesticide being used.