Under the new North American Industry Classification System (NAICS), workers in research and development (R&D) establishments that are not part of a manufacturing facility are included in a separate industry—research and development in the physical, engineering, and life sciences. However, due to the importance of R&D work to the chemical manufacturing industry, chemical-related R&D workers are discussed in this statement even though a large proportion of chemical-related R&D workers is not included in the employment data.