Working conditions in aerospace manufacturing facilities vary. Many new plants, in contrast to older facilities, are spacious, well lit, and modern. Specific work environments usually depend on the occupation and age of the production line. Engineers, scientists, and technicians frequently work in office settings or laboratories, although production engineers may spend much of their time with production workers on the factory floor. Production workers, such as welders and other assemblers, may have to cope with high noise levels. Oil, grease, and grime often are present, and some workers may face exposure to volatile organic compounds found in solvents, paints, and coatings. Heavy lifting is required for many production jobs.

Cases of work-related injury and illness in the aircraft and parts sector were 5.7 per 100 full-time workers in 2001, higher than the 1.6 cases per 100 workers in the guided missiles sector. In comparison, cases of work-related injury and illness throughout the private sector averaged 5.3 per 100 workers.